中英鸦片走私易贸的动机与英国扭转对华贸易逆差无必然关系.docVIP

中英鸦片走私贸易的动机与英国扭转对华贸易逆差无必然关系 历史文化学院 历史系 2004级本科生 罗文 1053404025 提要：中英之间的鸦片贸易是从西班牙和葡萄牙的对华贸易那里发展而来的。鸦片以药物的名义从外国向中国进口数量十分有限。东印度公司从1776年开始向中国非道德的大规模走私鸦片，走私数量在几十年的平稳发展后快速增加。我们曾经多次探讨这一历史发展状况的原因，得出的结论是，走私鸦片的动机是英国政府为了扭转长期的对华贸易逆差。但是深入分析鸦片走私，鸦片走私贸易的起源具有偶然性和试探性，后来的鸦片走私贸易的原因是印度殖民政府需要以出口鸦片来弥补政府财政的不足，也并不是为了扭转对华贸易逆差。从贸易发展状况分析，英国在1815年开始经济危机最需要对外贸易的扩大，当时的鸦片走私贸易并没有相应的扩大。英国出口的需求与鸦片走私贸易未呈现正相关性。从英国国内各阶层的利益考虑，鸦片走私贸易大量的消耗了中国的财力，使中国对其他产品的消费难以有效增长，损害了占英国经济主体的合法的工业产品制造商和商人的利益。从当时中国国内市场对于鸦片的需求状况分析，中国人对于鸦片的强烈需求促进了鸦片走私的扩大。从英国国内经济政策的变化分析，后期的自由经济思想开始鼓励商品进口和反对政府对贸易的干预，因此对等贸易和贸易逆差思想在当时并非主流。通过以上五点可以分析出，把鸦片走私的动机归结为英国政府为扭转对华贸易逆差是不妥的。 关键词：试探性 应激性反应过度 鸦片文化 社会购买力 重商主义 商业自由主义 Summary：The opium trade between China and English comes from Spain and Portugal .The beginning of opium trade is legal, China import a little opium as medicine. From 1776,the East Indian company contraband opium to china cosmically. The scale of contraband develop faster and faster after a period about several decades in which the opium trade develop steady and at low level. we always want to find out the reasons of this history phenomenon ,the result is that “the English government use opium to change trade deficit between china and English .but if we analyze the opium contraband trade ,the begin of opium trade is chance and probing. The contraband trade have no extend between 1815—1820,in which English suffer the first economic crisis and need export specially . The opium become china poorer and poorer, and no money to buy other product from English which damage the profit of English industry capitalists. At the same time, Chinese need more and more opium and the market of opium larger and larger, which celebrate the opium trade .In the end, the English acquire trade free and object the control of government. The limited in currency export is also not like the equal trade. So the motive in opium contraband trade has no necessity relation in the English government changing the trade deficit between china