英语词汇学chapter5课件.ppt

English Lexicology Chapter 5 Word Meaning This chapter attempts to expound the meanings of “meaning”, the four types of motivation from a linguistic perspective and discusses the different types of meaning and their characteristics. Main Points 1.The meanings of “meaning” Reference Concept Sense 2. Four types of motivation Onomatopoeic motivation Morphological motivation Semantic motivation Etymological motivation 3. Types of meaning Grammatical meaning Lexical meaning Conceptual meaning Associative meaning Connotative meaning Stylistic meaning Affective meaning Collocative meaning 5.1 Reference Reference is the relationship between language and the world, or the connection between the linguistic symbols and what these symbols refer to in the objective world. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional. This connection is the result of generalization and abstraction.(所指关系是指语言与周围世界的关系或是指语言符号和其在客观世界中的所指对象之间的关联。词对语言以外事物的指称是任意的和约定俗成的。 词与事物的联系是高度概括的， 是从同类事物中抽象出来的。) 5.1 Reference Concept, which is beyond language, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. That is , it is the reflection of the objective world in the human mind, known as notion or idea. It is not affected by language. The same concept is the same to speakers of all languages. However, speakers of different languages can have different linguistic forms to express the same concept.(概念是语言以外的东西，是人类认识的结果， 是客观事物在人脑中的反映。概念不受语言的影响。同一概念在操不同语言的人类是一样的， 但不同语言的人类可用不同语言形式表达同一概念。) 5.1 Reference Sense denotes the relationship inside the language. Every word that has meaning has sense. Sense is simply the meaning of a word in a language. (语义是指语言内部的关系。有意义的每个词都有语义，语义就是一个词在语言中的意义。) Meaning is closely related to a concept. A concept is the base of the meaning of a word. A word is used to