英语词汇学串讲2课件.ppt

III. Word Formation 3.1. Morpheme Morpheme: It is the minimal meaningful unit of language and can’t be further divided. 出题形式：选择，定义 2005年 13. Structurally a（　　　）is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. A. morpheme B. stem C. word D. compound 答案：A 3. 2. Morphs(形素 ) and Allomorphs(词素变体 ) Morphs：Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as morphs. They are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning. These morphemes coincide with words as they can stand by themselves and function freely in a sentence. Words of this kind are called monomorphemic words. Allomorphs：Some morphemes, however, are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word. Such alternative morphs are known as allomorphs. 出题形式：选择，填空，定义 2003（42） morphs， 2002（45）allomorph 2005年 5. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single （　　　）morpheme. A. formal B. concrete C. free D. bound 答案：C 3.3. Types of Morphemes： free morphemes and bound morphemes. 3.3.1.Free Morphemes： Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. They are identical with root words, as each of them consists of a single free root. 3.3.2. Bound Morphemes： Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound. They are so named because they are bound to other morphemes to form words. Bound morphemes are chiefly found in derived words. Bound Morphemes include bound root and affixes; Affixes can be further divided into inflectional and derivational affixes. 3.3.2.1 bound root: Unlike a free root, it is bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words. 3.3.2.2 Affixes： They are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. Inflectional affi