范里安微观经济学20课件.ppt

第二十章 成本曲线 成本曲线的类型 总成本曲线（ total cost curve ）： the graph of a firm’s total cost function. 可变成本曲线（variable cost curve ）：the graph of a firm’s variable cost function. 平均成本曲线（average total cost curve） the graph of a firm’s average total cost function. 成本曲线的类型 平均可变成本曲线（average variable cost curve ） the graph of a firm’s average variable cost function. 平均固定成本曲线（ average fixed cost curve） the graph of a firm’s average fixed cost function. 边际成本曲线（ marginal cost curve） the graph of a firm’s marginal cost function. 二个问题 上述成本曲线的关系? 短期成本曲线与长期成本曲线的关系? 总成本c(y) is the firm’s total cost function; 平均成本 The firm’s total cost function isFor y 0, the firm’s average total cost function is 边际成本 MC is the slope of both the variable cost and the total cost functions. 边际成本与平均成本 Short-Run Long-Run Marginal Cost Curves Short-Run Long-Run Marginal Cost Curves 连续状态下的长期成本曲线 y $/output unit ACs(y;x2￠￠￠) ACs(y;x2￠￠) ACs(y;x2￠) MCs(y;x2￠) MCs(y;x2￠￠) MCs(y;x2￠￠￠) y $/output unit ACs(y;x2￠￠￠) ACs(y;x2￠￠) ACs(y;x2￠) MCs(y;x2￠) MCs(y;x2￠￠) MCs(y;x2￠￠￠) AC(y) y $/output unit ACs(y;x2￠￠￠) ACs(y;x2￠￠) ACs(y;x2￠) MCs(y;x2￠) MCs(y;x2￠￠) MCs(y;x2￠￠￠) AC(y) y $/output unit ACs(y;x2￠￠￠) ACs(y;x2￠￠) ACs(y;x2￠) MCs(y;x2￠) MCs(y;x2￠￠) MCs(y;x2￠￠￠) MC(y), the long-run marginalcost curve. * * y $ F y $ cv(y) y $ F cv(y) y $ F cv(y) c(y) F $/output unit AFC(y) y 0 AFC(y) ? 0 as y ? ￥ $/output unit AVC(y) y 0 $/output unit AFC(y) AVC(y) y 0 $/output unit AFC(y) AVC(y) ATC(y) y 0 ATC(y) = AFC(y) + AVC(y) $/output unit AFC(y) AVC(y) ATC(y) y 0 Since AFC(y) ? 0 as y ? ￥,ATC(y) ? AVC(y) as y ? ￥. AFC MC(y) y 0 Area is the variablecost of making y’ units $/output unit Since Therefore, as $/output unit y AVC(y) MC(y) $/output unit y AVC(y) MC(y) $/output unit y AVC(y) MC(y) y F￠ 0 F￠ = w2x2￠ F￠￠ = w2x2￠￠ F￠￠￠ F￠￠￠ = w2x2￠￠￠ cs(y;x2￠￠￠) cs(y;x2￠) cs(y;x2￠￠) $ F￠￠ 短期到长期总成本 y F￠ 0 F￠￠￠ y￠ y￠￠ For 0 ￡ y ￡ y￠, choose x2 = x2￠. cs(y;x2￠￠￠) cs(y;x2￠) cs(y;x2￠￠) $ F￠￠ y F￠ 0 F￠￠￠ y￠ y￠￠ For 0 ￡ y ￡ y￠, choose x2 = x2￠. Fo