【物理】浙江大学大学物理甲下 chapter .pptVIP

* Chapter 28 Electric Potential Energy and Potential Chapter 28 Electric Potential Energy and Potential 28-1 Potential Energy The gravitational force is conservative. For conservative force we could define a potential energy. The electrostatic force is also conservative, and therefore there is a potential energy associated with the configuration of a system in which electrostatic forces act. 28-2 Electric Potential energy a b C When the trial charge q0 moves from point a to point b in the external electric field , along a path C, the work done by electrostatic force is: 1. In field of a point charge q : The work is independent on the path. 2. In field of a collection of point charges The field strength is, Then, Ω is the region of the charge distribution. The work does not depend on path also. Therefore, the electrostatic force is among the conservative forces. We can define the “ electric potential energy ” to measure the work done by electrostatic force : Corollary: This is the mathematical expression of the fact that the electrostatic force is conservative. Generally, we choose a reference point, Ub=0. (rb → ∞) This is electric potential energy of the trial charge q0 in the electrostatic field of point charge q. In field of a point charge q : 3. Conservation of energy in electrostatics For an isolated system, E=K+U=constant. Thus, ?K+ ?U=0 q1 q2 v Two charges have the same sign, ?U0, ?K0. q1 q2 v Two charges have the same sign, ?U0, ?K0. If two charges have opposite sign, … If there are external agents to move q2, ?K+ ?U=W. 28-3 Electric Potential The potential energy change ?U is directly proportional to the test charge q0 . Define electric potential difference: Thus, ?V is independent of the test charge q0 . (Electric potential energy difference per unite test charge) Generally, we choose a reference point, Vb=0. Electric potential is another quantity describing character of electric field. Scalar field E