第12单元 动载荷与疲.pptVIP

第12章 动载荷与疲劳强度概述 summarize about mobile load and Fatigue strength 工程结构中还有一些构件或零部件中的应力这些应力的大小或方向却随着时间而变化，这种应力称为交变应力。在交变应力作用下发生的失效，称为疲劳失效，简称为疲劳。。 In engineering structure, value or direction of the component stress is variational along with time, this kind of stress be called variety stress.it is called Fatigue invalidation on this condition of variety stress. Fatigue for short. 12.1 等加速度直线运动时构件上的惯性力与动应力inertial force and dynamic stress above constant acceleration component 以图 12-1 中的起重机吊重物为例，作用在钢丝绳 的总载荷是动载荷与静载荷之和：for example,crane suspend clog as diagram 12-1, total load effecting steel wire rope is sum of dynamic load and static load (12-3) 图12-1 12.2 旋转构件的受力分析与动应力计算 Revolving component force analysis and dynamic stress calculation 图12-2(a)中所示之以等角速度旋转的飞轮。飞轮材料密度为 ，轮缘平均半径为R，轮缘部分的横截面积为A。Revolving flywheel by constant angular velocity as diagram 12-2(a). Flywheel material density is , flange average radius is R, cross section acreage in sectional flange is A. 弧长为 arc length IS 飞轮轮缘横截面上的总应力为 Total stress above flywheel flange is 12.3 疲劳强度概述 fatigue strength summarize 12.3.1 交变应力 alternating stress 1、交变应力的概念 the concept of alternating stress 一点的应力随着时间的改变而变化,这种应力称为交变应力。 A point stress is variational as time , this kind of strss be called alternating stress. 图12-5不规则的交变应力 anomalistic alternating stress 2、交变应力的术语 term 对称循环——应力正负变化，且有最大应力和最小应力的绝对值相等，这 种应力循环称为对称循环。 cyclic symmetry-stress is plus and minus variety , and absolute value of the biggest stress and minimum stress is equal, this kind of stress cyclic be called cyclic symmetry . 脉冲循环——应力变化，且最小应力等于零，这种应力循环称为脉冲循环。 fluctuating cycle- stress is variety , the minimum stress is equal cipher , this kind of stress cyclic be called fluctuating cycle. 12.3.2疲劳极限与应力-寿命曲线 fatigue limit and stress-life curve 所谓疲劳极限是指经过无穷多次应力