Unit2TheClinicalLaboratoryinDiagnosisandTreatmentof.doc

Unit 2: The Clinical Laboratory in Diagnosis and Treatment of HIV/AIDS A distance learning course of the Directorate of Learning Systems (AMREF) ? 2007 African Medical Research Foundation (AMREF) This course is distributed under the Creative Common Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license. Any part of this unit including the illustrations may be copied, reproduced or adapted to meet the needs of local health workers, for teaching purposes, provided proper citation is accorded AMREF. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same, similar or a compatible license. AMREF would be grateful to learn how you are using this course and welcomes constructive comments and suggestions. Please address any correspondence to: The African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) Directorate of Learning Systems P O Box 27691 – 00506, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 (20) 6993000 Fax: +254 (20) 609518 Email: amreftraining@ Website: Writer: Dr Daniel Njai Cover design: Bruce Kynes Technical Co-ordinator: Joan Mutero The African Medical Research Foundation (AMREF wishes to acknowledge the contributions of the Commonwealth of Learning (COL) and the Allan and Nesta Ferguson Trust whose financial assistance made the development of this course possible. CONTENTS IINTRODUCTION 1 UNIT OBJECTIVES 1 SECTION 1: PATIENT ASSESSMENT 2 Introduction 2 Section Objectives 2 Clinical Assessment of Patients Seeking HIV Care 2 History Taking 3 History Taking Specific to HIV/AIDS 6 Taking Sexual history 7 How to take sexual history 7 The Physical Examination in Clinical Diagnosis of HIV Disease 10 What Signs Should You Look For? 10 WHO case definitions for HIV/AIDS Surveillance in countries with limited clinical and laboratory diagnostic facilities 11 Summary 12 SECTION 2: LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF HIV INFECTION 13 Introduction 13 Objectives 13 Introduction to Laboratory Tests 13 Use of Laboratory Tests in HIV and AI