12communication.ppt

Communication（沟通） The sharing of information between two or more individuals or groups to reach a common understanding (but not necessarily agreement). 两个或以上的个体/群体通过信息分享而达成共同的理解（不一定达成共识） The Functions of Communication（沟通的功能） Providing knowledge about company goals, how to perform a job, standards for acceptable behavior, needed changes, etc. 提供知识：诸如公司目标、如何开展工作、行动标准、需要做出的改变等 Motivating organizational members -- for example, by determining valences, raising expectancies and instrumentalities, assigning specific and difficult goals, and giving feedback. 激励组织成员：如通过确定效价、提高期望值和关联度、分派具体且有难度的目标、给予反馈等办法 The Functions of Communication（沟通的功能） Controlling and coordinating individual efforts -- for example, by reducing social loafing, communicating roles, rules, and norms, and avoiding duplication of effort. 控制和协调个体的努力：如通过减少社会惰化、针对角色及规章准则等进行交流、避免重复等办法 Expressing feelings and emotions such as positive and negative moods, excitement, and anger. 表达感受和情绪：如正面和负面心情、兴奋感、气愤感等 Advice to Managers（建议） Make sure your subordinates have all the information they need to perform their jobs and achieve their goals. Give them clear information about any changes in the organization. 确保下属知道开展工作和达成目标所需的所有信息，将组织中的变化清楚地告诉他们 To motivate your subordinates, let them know that you are confident they can perform at a high level and that they will benefit from performing well. Make sure your subordinates understand the goals they should strive for, and give them clear feedback on how they are performing. 为了激励下属，让下属知道你对他们高水平地完成工作有信心，并告诉他们，他们会因为良好的工作表现而受益。确保下属理解需要达成的目标，并将目标完成情况清楚地反馈给他们 Advice to Managers（建议） Encourage your subordinates to communicate with each other in order to coordinate their activities, avoid duplication of effort, and limit social loafing. 鼓励下属相互沟通，以在工作中彼此配合、避免重复、减少社会惰化 To avoid misunderstandings, express your own feelings and emotions to others, and encourage your subordinates to do the same. 为避免误解，告诉其他人你的感受和情绪，并鼓励你的下属同样表达他们的感受和情绪 Communication - Key Terms（有关沟通的术语） Sender: The ind