词类翻译技巧.pptVIP

词类翻译技巧词类转换法词类移植法词类增减法 英语是屈折语（inflectional language），英语动词形态变化繁复而稳定，这就使英语动词的使用受形态的掣肘，而名词就没有这个问题，因此名词在英语中占优势，名词的优势导致了介词的伴随优势。 汉语是非屈折语(non-inflectional language)，其词类没有形态变化问题，而动词与名词比较，动词的动态感强、动势强，名词则较为凝滞，所以在汉语中动词非常活跃，可以连用，也可以广泛代替其它词类的功能在句中作其它成分。 英语倾向于多用名词，因而叙述呈静态； 汉语倾向于多用动词，因而叙述呈动态。 名词化(nominalization)是英语常见现象 比较以下例句： A. 医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。 a. The doctor arrived extremely quickly and examined the patient uncommonly carefully; the result was that he recovered very speedily. b. The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. B.现在极需提出新的补救方法。 a. Now it is very necessary to put forward a remedy. b.There is a crying need for a remedy. C. 我拨了两次才接通了总机。 a. I dialed the phone twice and finally got through to the switchboard. b. Two dials and I was able to get through to the switchboard. c. Two dials got me through to the switchboard. D. 电话里有人在叽里咕噜地交谈，过了一会，一个男人给了我回话。 a. Someone was muttering in the phone. After a while, a man came to answer me. b. There was a mumbled conversation in the background. Then a man’s voice came on the phone. C. 他绝望了，正在此时，他见到远方的帆影，有了绝处逢生的希望。 He gave up all the hope when he saw a sail in the distance and regained his hope of rescue. He was in despair when the appearance of a distant sail raised his hope of rescue. A. 名词转译成动词 1. Give me liberty or give me death. 不自由， 毋宁死。 2. He is an enemy to reform. 他反对改革。 3. Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation. 国与国社会制度的不同不应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。 4. I am afraid I can’t teach you English. I think my daughter is a better teacher than I. 恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。 5. The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English. 操作电脑需要一些英语知识。 ①他通晓多种不常使用的外国语，这使我们大家感到惊讶。 His familiarity with many rarely used language surprised us all. ②我先是诧异，接着是很不安，似乎这话于我有关系。 My initial astonishment gave way to a deep uneasiness; I felt that this had something to do