专升本语法小结.docVIP

动词主要时态 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 play/plays is/am/are playing has/have played has/have been playing 过去 played was/were playing had played had been playing 将来 shall/will play shall/will be playing shall/will have played shall/will have been playing 过去将来 should/would play should/would be playing should/would have played should/would have been playing 一般现在时 1、 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday等时间状语连用; I often get up at 7:00. 2、 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等; My daughter sings very well. 3、 表示客观事实或普遍真理; The sun rises in the east. 4、 表示安排或计划好的将来要发生的动作;The plane takes off at 10 am 。 5、 在时间或条件状语中，表示将来的动作;When you see her just tell her that I am all right . 6、 在某些文学作品的情节描写中，代替过去时，表示或用于引述书刊材料;The author says that the soldiers fight for freedom not for money。 第三人称单数的构成 1.一般在词尾加s. work-works live-lives play-plays 2. 以sh. ch. s. o结尾加-es wash-washes teach-teaches dress-dresses 3.以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i加-es. study-studies fly-flies try-tries 一般过去时 用于表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, three years ago, in 1987, at the time(在那个时候), in July 。E.g. I went the zoo with my friend yesterday. 规则动词 1.在动词后+ed work-worked help—helped 2.辅音字母+ y 结尾,变y为i+ed study-studied try-tried 3.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这一辅音字母+ed plan-planned admit-admitted 4.以不发音e结尾，+d arrive-arrived live-lived 一般将来时 主要用于表示将来发生的动作或情况 注：在时间或条件状语中，一般不用将来时，而是用现在时代替将来时。I’ll let you know the result when I finish everything. 1、 shall, will + 动词原型构成一般将来时; 2、 am (is, are) going to + 动词原型，表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情; 3、 am (is, are) about to + 动词原型，表示即将发生的动作; 4、 am (is, are) to + 动词原型，表示必须或计划要进行的动作; You are to be here by 4 pm for picking up the president. 过去将来时 用于表示过去某一时间内，将要发生的动作或存在的状态 was (were) going to +动词原型 I was going to buy a book at that time. was (were) about to +动词原型 I was about to buy a book at that time. was (were) to + 动词原型 表示过去某时间内计划、打算或一定要进行的动作 现在进行时 用于表示现在正在发生的动作。I am reading a book. 注：go, come, stay, leave, start 的现在进行时形式可以表示将来即将发生的动作 He is coming to see y