quantitativeresearchdesign–chapter9.docVIP

Quantitative Research Design – Chapter 9 I. Overview Research design is the plan for obtaining answers to the research question and testing the hypothesis(es). The research design includes: Whether or not an intervention will be made. What comparisons will be made 2 groups compared over time (before after) What controls will be used to minimize the impact of outside influences (extraneous variables) Data collection methods The setting for the study II. Experiments, Quasi-experiments, and nonexperiments Characteristics of True Experiments: Manipulation-in experimental and quasi-experimental research, the researcher manipulates the independent variables and observes the effect on the dependent variable(s). Ex. Control-def. The process that holds constant possible influences on the dependent variable under study. Helps the researcher make sure that the effects on the dependent variable are due to the independent variable and not something else (extraneous variable) Control group-is a group that is used as a basis for comparison. Sometimes called a comparison group. Ex. Randomization Used to control outside influences Means that any subject has an equal chance of being assigned to an experimental or control group. Prevents systematic bias. Several methods used for accomplishing this for ex. Random numbers table-generated by computer or available in print. Helps to equalize the groups in terms of characteristics such as biologic, psychological, and social traits. Any differences after random assignment can be assumed to be due to the independent variable. Experimental Designs Post-test only or After-only: randomize sample into two groups and collect data after the intervention is applied: R X O Pretest-posttest or Before-after design: randomize sample, collect baseline data, apply the intervention, and collect data: R O X O R O X O The pretest-posttest design is stronger than the post-test only because allows greater confidence that