section1bthemoleconceptchemicalcalculation.docVIP

Section 1B The Mole Concept Chemical Calculation Mole and Avogadro Number Chemists developed a unit to represent the number of particles in a sample. This unit is the mole (Latin, means pile). The mole was defined as the amount of substances which contains the same number of particles as in 12 g of . Experiments show that 12 g of carbon has 6.02 x 1023 atoms. This number is known as Avogadro number (honoring an Italian chemist, Amadeo Avogadro). The Mass of One Mole of a Substance The weight of 1 mole of substance (molar mass) always corresponds to its formula mass express in gram units. In the definition for mole, the particles may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons or other particles. no. of mole = no. of mole = Example 1 A 5 cm3 spoon can hold 1.67 x?1023 molecules of water. a) What is the number of moles of water molecules in the spoon? b) What is the mass of water in the spoon? Example 2 1 mole of helium atom weighs ______ g and contains ___________________ helium atoms, i.e. ________ mole of helium atoms. 1 mole of nitrogen molecules weighs _________ g and contains ____________ moles nitrogen atoms 1 mole of AlCl3 weighs _______ g, contains _______ mole of aluminium ions and ______ moles of chloride ions. _____________________________________________________________________________________ . 1 What is the mass of 2.5 moles of potassium atoms? 2 What is the number of nitrogen atoms in 0.5 mole of nitrogen gas, N2? 3 The number of sodium atoms in 4.6 g of sodium metal is 4 Calculate the mass of a] 3.0 mole of neon atoms b] 0.10 mole of lithium atoms The Molar Volume The volume occupied by one mole of a substance is called the molar volume. For gases, experiments show that at the same temperature and pressure, molar volumes of all gases are roughly equal. Gas Formula Molecular