summaryofgasabsorption.docVIP

Summary of Gas Absorption Concept: Solute，inert gases, absorbent, gas inlet, gas outlet, liquid inlet, liquid outlet Absorption, desorption or stripping Solubility three types very soluble one (ammonia) of solute moderate soluble one (sulphur dioxide) slightly soluble one (oxygen) BASIS(分离依据): the solubility difference of solute and inert gas in the absorbent. To determine the height and the tower diameter for a given separation task is the core of the chapter. In order to finish these designs, several basic relations are as follow: the equilibrium relation, the mass balance, the rate of absorption. 8.1 Gas-liquid equilibrium relation When the pressure and the temperature are fixed, the relation between the liquid and the equilibrium vapor composition. High pressure and low temperature will be good to gas absorption. Low pressure and high temperature will be good to desorption. At low concentration, the plot of equilibrium curve passes through the origin and is a straight line (obey the Henry’s law). (example: CO2-H2O, O2- H2O…) Henry’s law E: Henry’s law constant in mole frac gas/mole frac liquid. H: Henry’s law constant [solubility constant], in mol/(m3﹒Pa) m: Henry’s law constant [distribution coefficient] m=E/P P: total pressure, Pa In general, up to a total pressure of about 5atm the value of E and H is independent of P. ∴T↑, P remains constant E↑, H↓, m↑(m=E/P) T remains constant, P↑ E and H remain constant, m↓ X, Y(摩尔比): molal ratio, the solute-free concentration in the liquid and vapor 2. Effect of equilibrium relation (1) direction of mass transfer y y* or pi p* ； x x* or c c* ( absorption y y* or pi p* ； x x* or c c* ( desorption (2) the limit to transfer Counter-current( limit to mass transfer ： limit： (3) driving force concentration difference (C ↑( driving force↑ ( rate of mass transfer↑ 8.2 Principles of diffusion and mass transf