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Worked Out Examples (External Flows) Example 1 (Velocity Profiles): Velocity profiles in laminar boundary layers often are approximated by the equations Linear: Sinusoidal: Parabolic: Compare the shapes of these velocity profiles by plotting y/( (on the ordinate) versus u/U (on the abscissa). Statement of the Problem Given Three approximated velocity profiles in laminar boundary layers, linear, sinusoidal, and parabolic. Find Compare these three approximated velocity profiles by plotting. System Diagram It is not necessary for this particular problem. Assumptions Laminar boundary layer Governing Equations None. Just plot them. Detailed Solution There is no detailed discussion for this problem. Just plot and compare them. Using MatLab the plots look like:  By common sense, it can be said that the linear profile is not very close approximation to the actual shape of boundary layer velocity profile. The plot for the parabolic profile is the closest approximation to the Blasius solution for velocity profile. Critical Assessment Note that the velocity profiles are only useful for 0y(. Although the given equations hold outside this range, the curves have no meaning for y( in boundary layer theory. Example 2. (Boundary Layer Thicknesses): Velocity profiles in laminar boundary layers often are approximated by the equations Linear: Sinusoidal: Parabolic: Calculate (* (displacement thickness) and ( (momentum thickness) for these velocity profiles and compare the result for each case. Statement of the Problem Given Three approximated velocity profiles, linear, sinusoidal, and parabolic, in laminar boundary layers. Find (* (displacement thickness) for three approximated velocity profiles ( (momentum thickness) for three approximated velocity profiles Compare the result for each case System Diagram Assumptions Steady state condition Laminar boundary layer Governing Equations Displacement thickness definition since u ( U