机械工程专业英语课件L03.pptVIP

English for Mechanical Engineering 机械工程专业英语 As engineers work with increasingly complex structures, they need rational, reliable, fast, and economical design tools. Over the past two decades, finite element analysis has proven to be the most frequently used method of identifying and solving the problems associated with these complicated designs. Because most of the design tasks in engineering are quantifiable, computers have revolutionized the highly iterative design process, particularly the procedures for quickly finding alternative designs. But even now, many engineers still follow a manual trial and error approach, Such all approach makes designing even for seemingly simple tasks more difficult because it usually takes longer, requires extensive human machine interaction, and tends to be biased by the design groups experience. Looking at optimization as part of the design process makes it easier to understand. The first step includes preprocessing, analysis, and postprocessing, just as ii1 customary finite element analysis (REA) and computer aided design (CAD) program applications (the difference in CAD lies in building the problems geometry in terms of the design parameters). In the second step, the optimization objective and response constraints are defined. And in the last step, the repetitive task of design adjustment is automated. Optimization programs should allow engineers to monitor the progress of the design, stop it if necessary, change the design conditions, and restart. The power of an optimization program depends on the available preprocessing and analysis capabilities. Applications for 2 D and 3 D need both automatic and parametric meshing capabilities. Error estimate and adaptive control must be included because the problems geometry and mesh might change during the optimization loops. Revising, remeshing, and reevaluating models to achieve specific design goals start with preliminary design data input. Next comes