软件双语Lecture162011春.pptVIP

第16讲 逻辑建模(II) Logical Modeling(II) Textbook: Chapter 6 Database Design Instructor：孙瑜 Department:计算机科学学院计算机专业教研室 Email：bobsunyu@ QQ：782061453 QQ答疑群 本讲主要内容 为什么需要“数据模型优化” 数据模型优化的基本概念 关系模式的非形式化设计原则 函数依赖的基本概念 规范化的基本概念 超键、键和主属性的定义 第1范式 第2范式 第3范式 规范化小结 复习：Phases of Database Design and Implementation Process(数据库设计的基本过程) Phase 1:Requirements Collections and Analysis(需求收集与分析) Phase 2:Conceptual Database Design(概念结构设计) Phase 3:Choice of a DBMS(选择合适的DBMS) Phase 4:Data Model Mapping (Logical Database Design)(逻辑结构设计) Phase 5:Physical Database Design(物理结构设计) Phase 6:Database System Implementation(数据库实施) Phase 7:Database System Operation and Maintenance(数据库运行和维护) Phase 2: ER DIAGRAM of COMPANY database Phase 4:Data Model Mapping (Logical Database Design)(逻辑结构设计) Data Model Mapping(数据模型映射) From E-R to Relational Model 数据模型的优化(难点) 设计用户子模式 Schema diagram for the COMPANY relational database schema 为什么需要“数据模型优化” So far in our discussion of conceptual design and its mapping into the relational model, we have not developed any measure of the appropriateness, “goodness,” or quality of the design, other than the intuition(直觉) of the designer. We need some formal measure of why one grouping of attributes into a relation schema may be better than another. 数据模型优化的基本概念 What is relational database design? The grouping of attributes to form good relation schemas We first discuss informal guidelines for good relational design Then we discuss formal concepts of functional dependencies and normal forms - 1NF (First Normal Form) - 2NF (Second Normal Form) - 3NF (Third Normal Form) Informal Design Guidelines for Relation Schemas Semantics(语义) of the Relation Attributes Whenever we group attributes to form a relation schema, we assume that a certain meaning is associated with the attributes. In general, the easier it is to explain the semantics of the relation, the better the relation schema design will be. GUIDELINE 1: Design a relation schema so that it is easy to explain