第14章IPv6协议探究.ppt

Chapter 14 IPv6 and ICMPv6 IPv6 IPv6 addresses IPv6 packet format ICMPv6 Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 Introduction：Deficiencies of IPv4 The use of IPv4 address space is inefficient Size: 32bit Structure: Net id + Subnet id + Host id Class: A、B、C、D、E QoS Best-effort Security No encryption or authentication 14.1 IPv6 Intention: to succeed to IPv4（RFC 791） Improvements（RFC 2460: section 1） Addressing Increases the IP address size to 128 bits More levels of addressing and routing hierarchy Packet format Base header Reduce de processing and bandwidth cost of the header Optional extension headers Improved support for extensions and options Improvements ( cont. ) Flow labeling QoS or real-time service support Security support Authentication: IPsec AH Encryption: IPsec ESP Other improvements Mobility improvement RFC 3775: section 2 Network management technologies Auto-discovery technologies: MTU, neighbor, router, etc. Auto-configuration technologies: IPv6 address, etc. 14.2 IPv6 Addresses RFC 4291 14.2.1 Representation Addresses Hexadecimal colon notation Hybrid of IPv4 and IPv6 Address Prefixes CIDR Notation Hexadecimal colon notation Abbreviation The leading zeros of a section can be omitted FDEC : BA98 : 0074 : 3210 : 000F : BBFF : 0000 : FFFF FDEC : BA98 : 74 : 3210 : F : BBFF : 0 : FFFF A double colon can be used to replace consecutive sections consisting of zeros FDEC : 0 : 0 : 0 : F : 0 : 0 : FFFF FDEC : : F : 0 : 0 : FFFF or: FDEC : 0 : 0 : 0 : F : : FFFF Hybrid of IPv4 and IPv6 Dealing with a mixed environment of IPv4 and IPv6 nodes x : x : x : x : x : x : d . d . d . d Example : : 129.144.52.38 : : FFFF : 129.144.52.38 CIDR Notation IPv6-address / prefix-length Example: the 60-bit prefix 12AD3 Legal representations 12AB : 0 : 0 : CD30 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 / 60 12AB : : CD30 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 / 60 12AB : 0 : 0 : CD30 : : / 60 Illegal representations 12AB : 0 : 0 : CD30 / 60 12AB : : CD30 / 60 12AB : : CD3 / 60 14.2.2 Categories of Addresses Unic