高等岩石力学13章20131204题库.ppt

Failure in excavation is due to blocks of rock moving into the excavation two approach philosophies can be considered for stabilizations: The block displacements are occuring because the rock mass is a discontinuum, and hence the rock is reinforced so that it behaves like a continuum. Direct support elements are introduced into the excavation in order to maintain block displacements at tolerable levels. The first is rock reinforcement, the second is rock support. Note that with rock reinforcement the engineering elements are inserted within the rock mass and with support they are inserted within the excavation. 岩体的加固与支护的基本原理上的区别 The rock stabilization strategy can be based on the need to restrict the displacements as governed by the engineering objective. The ground response curve is a graph of the support pressure required to maintain equilibrium of the boundary at a given displacement value versus the displacement value. The ground response curves shown in following figure illustrate this relation for the cases of linearly elastic, ‘stable’ non-elastic and ‘unstable’ non-elastic behaviour. Because of the general nature of the ground response curve concept and te ability to study a variety of associated factors, it has become a widely used semi-empirical tool in the design of support for excavations. In fig.(b), the same rock mass is excavated by different methods. Curve 1 represents the ‘perfect’ excavation case, in which there is no disturbance of the remaining rock and there is no deviation from CHILE behaviour. Curve 2 may occur in a machine-driven tunnels, in which there is a slight disturbance to the remaining rock with the result of increased final displacement. Curve 3: high-quality blasting,more disturbance, displacement are increased yet further. All three of these curves intersect the boundary displacement axis which indicates that no support is required, providing the displacements are tolerable. Curve 4: poor-quality blasting,supporting is essential i