苏格兰历史文化Scotland讲解.pptVIP

Scotland Scotland Scotland What do you know about Scotland? What is Scotland famous for? Tartan kilt bagpipe Whiskey Ancient castle Edinburgh castles Scotland Population: 5.06 million(2001) Area: 78 782 square km Scotland in General Second largest -in population/ geographical area Own identity -a unified state independent of the UK Largest city: Glasgow Capital city: Edinburgh Beauty/ ancient internationally respected universities dating from 15th century. Edinburgh Scottish University: 13 universtities King’s college chapel University of Glasgow History: NOT conquered by Romans Hadrian’s Wall was ruined, lengths of it can still be seen and walked along NOT conquered by the Anglo-Saxons mostly Division between highland (Scottish celts = Picts) and lowland (people from northern Ireland = Scots) Scotland remains a cultural divide today -the same way as north and south England see the differences from each other. Gaelic -old Celtic language -areas in the highlands *3/4 of the population lives in the lowland Viking raids -9th century -the outside pressure led the Scottish kings to unify -Anglo-Scottish conflict -close ties between aristocracies/ royal families Royal arms * story: Macbeth *movie: Braveheart William Wallace’s uprising in 1298, failed Robert the Bruce, Battle of Bannockburn, 300 years of full independence. Macbeth 苏格兰国王邓肯的表弟麦克白将军，为国王平叛和抵御入侵立功归来，路遇三个女巫。女巫对他说了一些预言和隐语，说他将进爵为王，但他并无子嗣能继承王位，反而是同僚班柯将军的后代要做王。麦克白是有野心的英雄，他在夫人的怂恿下谋杀邓肯，做了国王。为掩人耳目和防止他人夺位，他一步步害死了邓肯的侍卫，害死了班柯，害死了贵族麦克德夫的妻子和小孩。恐惧和猜疑使麦克白心里越来越有鬼，也越来越冷酷。麦克白夫人神经失常而自杀，对他也是一大刺激。在众叛亲离的情况下，麦克白面对邓肯之子和他请来的英格兰援军的围攻，落得袅首的下场。麦克白一出场即心怀异志，弑王篡位，为了巩固忘位，又残暴屠杀人民，使全国血流成河，置社会于混乱，陷人民于水火，可谓与理查三世是同样的暴君。这样的暴君，其痛苦与覆亡乃罪有应得。 在威廉·华莱士还是孩子的时候，他的父亲，苏格兰的英雄马索·华莱士在与英军的斗争中牺牲了。幼小的他在伯父的指导下学习文化和武术。光阴似箭，英王爱德华为巩固在苏格兰的统治，颁布法令允许英国贵族在苏格兰享有结婚少女的初夜权，以便让贵族效忠皇室。王妃伊莎贝拉是个决断的才女，她知道这道法令会让英国贵族有意于苏格兰，但更会激起苏格兰人民的反抗。年轻的华莱士学成回到故乡，向美丽的少女梅伦求婚，愿意做一个安分守己的人。然而梅伦却被英军无理抢去，并遭杀害，华