操作系统第一章计算机发展简史规范.ppt

计算机发展简史 主讲教师： 刘咏梅 白翔宇 斯勤夫 内蒙古大学计算机学院 UNIVAC Computer System The first commercially available electronic computer, UNIVAC I, was also the first computer to handle both numeric and textual information. Designed by John Presper Eckert, Jr., and John Mauchly, whose corporation subsequently passed to Remington Rand, the implementation of the machine marked the beginning of the computer era. Here, a UNIVAC computer is shown in action. The central computer is in the background, and in the foreground is the supervisory control panel. Remington Rand delivered the first UNIVAC machine to the U.S. Bureau of Census in 1951. 早期机械打字机 The AT keyboard is an 84-key model introduced by IBM. An attempt to make the personal computer (PC) keyboard more suited to touch-typing, its layout is similar to that of a standard typewriter. AT Keyboard * * Knot tying is one of the oldest skills known to man. Many thousands of different knots exist; these are some of the most common. Common Knots 早期的计算工具 -------- 计算尺 Blaise Pascal（布里斯.帕斯卡）制造的世界上第一台机械计算机 Pascals Calculator In 1642, Blaise Pascal developed a mechanical calculator to speed arithmetic calculations for his father, a tax official. Numbers are dialed in on the metal wheels on the front of the calculator. The solutions appear in the little windows along the top. Pascal’s Calculator 世界上第一台差分机械计算机的发明人查尔斯.巴贝奇 Inventor of the Difference Engine, British mathematician Charles Babbage is credited with conceiving the first true computer. With the help of his partner, Augusta Ada Byron, Babbage also created a design for the Analytical Engine, another machine remarkably like the modern computer, even including a memory. Unfortunately, there was no way to build the machine with 19th-century technology. Charles Babbage Charles Babbage （查尔斯.巴贝奇）发明的世界上第一台差分机械计算机 Considered by many to be a direct forerunner of the modern computer, the Difference Engine was able to compute mathematical tables. This woodcut shows a small portion of the ingenious