粉末冶金市场行情调研绪论.ppt

基本定义 粉末冶金是一种以金属粉末为原料，经压制和烧结（通常在保护气体中加热至低于主成分熔点的温度）制成各种制品的加工方法 * 粉末冶金工艺发源于上世纪20年代，经过近百年的发展，逐渐发展成为年产量百万吨、产值近百亿欧元的行业，而加工办法也由最初的单轴压制法发展到目前大家所看到的五种不同的加工办法。当然，不同的加工办法往往适应于生产不同类型的产品，我们先从最基本的单轴压制法开始说起。通常意义上讲，人们把利用单轴压制法生产出来的粉末冶金产品成为粉末冶金零件 * * 人们在最初选择使用粉末冶金这项工艺主要是考虑到了它的经济性。但是，随着这项技术的不断发展，粉末冶金制品的性能逐渐与传统加工件的性能持平，甚至在某些领域优于传统加工件，更为重要的是，在生产制备一些具有特殊性能的材料时，粉末冶金工艺变得越来越无可替代。 * * Rain Sensor Ring Planetary Assembly 1.115Kg. Synchroniser Hub （同步器） * The PM press and sinter process generally consists of three basic steps: powder blending, Die compaction, and sintering. Compaction is generally performed at room temperature, and the elevated-temperature process of sintering is usually conducted at atmospheric pressure and under carefully controlled atmosphere. Optional secondary processing such as coining or heat treatment often follows to obtain special properties or enhanced precision.[2] All PM processes avoid, or greatly reduce, the need to use metal removal processes, thereby drastically reducing yield losses in manufacture and often resulting in lower costs. * * 1.将金属粉末和合适的粘接剂混合在一起， 2.将混合物注入到模具中，加压制成毛坯， 3.通常在保护气体中对毛坯进行加热，使其升温到低于主要成分融化的温度，如果其他材料此时已经融化，需要控制温度，保证工件形状不受破坏 4.通常情况下，还要对烧结件进行额外的处理，比如重复压制、整平等等。 另外，在制造滤波元件时，不需要进行压制，只需要将铜粉放在模具内进行烧结即可，这个过程被称为散粉烧结 * 1 Powder forging. Here a preform made in the conventional press sinter way described above, is heated and then hot forged to full density, resulting in practically as-wrought properties. * 2 Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). Here the powder (normally gas atomized, spherical type) is filled into a mould, normally consisting of a metallic can of suitable shape. The can is vibrated, then evacuated and sealed. It is then placed in a Hot Isostatic Press where it is typically heated to around 0.7 Tmp and subjected to an external gas pressure of ~100MPa (1000bar, 15,000psi) for 10-100minutes. This results in a shaped part of full density with as-wrought or better, properties. HIP was invented in the 1950-60s and entered tonnage producti