走进测量世界讲解.pptVIP

One of the difficulties of using scale is that individuals may interpret and use the response categories differently. 心理测验的困扰 If Jim says that he is “very satisfied” and Tim says that he is only “satisfied,” is Jim really more satisfied than Tim? Maybe. But maybe Tim is the type of person who rarely uses superlatives to describe himself, either when he is jubilant or depressed, while Jim tends to extremes in his self-descriptions. To put it another way, when Tim answers a 4 about the intensity of a particular emotion, maybe that is the equivalent of a 6 for Jim. Survey researchers try to anchor response categories to words that have a common and clear meaning across respondents, but there is no guarantee that respondents use the scales comparably. Despite the apparent signal in measurement data, one could legitimately question whether one should give a cardinal interpretation to the numeric values attached to individuals’ responses about their mental states because of the potential for personal use of scales. 自我报告的局限性 Most researchers measured psychological traits through self-report questionnaires. Hill and Maltby (2009) argue that self-reports are based on assumptions that a) participants have the ability to accurately evaluate b) the participants are willing to disclose the results of their self-assessment to the investigator 预测未来的游戏 多年之后，在某大学的课堂上，一位教授正在旁征博引地讲授心理学的前沿知识。 多年之后，在公园里，一对父母正带着孩子在那里玩耍。拥有一个幸福的家庭，并全力去照顾家人是他/她最幸福的事情。 多年之后，他/她早已经远离了当年的专业，在新的领域闯出了一番天地。他/她从来都不是最优秀的，但一直很有勇气。 多年之后，在家乡的一所中学里，他/她一直从事着心理辅导的工作，不是最好的老师，也不是最差的老师，一直平凡而安稳地走过自己的一生。 多年之后，在同学聚会中，只有他/她没有来，毕业之后就没有了消息，没有人知道他/她现在在哪里，过得怎么样？ 多年之后，你偶然在一次活动中见到了自己的老同学，你看到他/她与别人说话，看到他/她的外表和行为，所有的一切都和记忆中的那个人差别那么大。 多年之后，你遇到了自己生活中最大的困境，在那段格外沮丧的日子里，有一天你收到了大学同学的一份邮件，那些鼓励和安慰的话语让你深深地感动，虽然在曾经的大学校园里你们并不是走得很近。 每个人的一生都会遇到生活的波折，可是他/她却被困难击败了，生活变得很潦倒。大家知道了，都去帮助他/她，终于他/她恢复了以往的自信，逐渐开始了新的生活。 进入工作单位，面对新的人和新的事，总有一个比较难受的适应过程，可是他/她却显得那样的如鱼得水，很快就和领导、同事打成一片，虽然大家能力