专四语法3讲--非谓语动词讲述.pptVIP

如果不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后（通常是动态动词不定式），或与谓语动作同时发生（通常是终止性动词的不定式），这时要用一般式。 He is determined to work harder next term. 他决心下学期学习更努力些。 I am sorry to hear the news. 听到这个消息我很难过。 2）如果不定式（通常是动态动词不定式）表示的动作与谓语动作发生在统一时间，要用进行式。 I am glad to be working with you. 我很高兴和你在一起工作。 They seem to be having a meeting. 他们好像正在开会。 3）如果不定式表示的动作时间先于谓语动词，要用完成式。 The enemy was reported to have surrendered two days before. 据报道，敌人在两天前投降了。 注意： 有些动词如：wish, hope, intend, mean, plan 和be 的过去式＋不定式的完成式，可以表示事实上并未实现的行为。 I was to have returned you the book, but I was too busy that day. 我本来要将那本书还给你的，可是我那天太忙了。 语态： 在不定式作定语的结构中，当句中出现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时，用主动式。 I have a meeting to attend. (I attend the meeting.) The teacher gave John a book to read. (John reads the book.) 如果不定式动作执行者不是上述情况，而是其他人，这时不定式要用被动语态。 Here are the clothes to be washed. 要洗的衣服在这儿。 This form is to be filled in ink. 这份表格要用墨水填写。 在无特定上下文的句子中，有时用了主动式或被动式，含义有所不同。 There is a lot of work to do today. ( for the speaker to do. ) There is a lot of work to be done today. ( for you or others to do.) participle 总体区别： 现在分词----表示的意义是主动的，进行的 过去分词----表示的意义是被动的，完成的 Eg: a) the exploiting class (剥削阶级) the exploited class (被剥削阶级) b) the girl gathering flowers （正在采花的女孩） the flowers gathered this morning (今天早晨采集的花) 特别注意： 一般来说 及物动词构成的过去分词主要表被动 不及物动词构成的过去分词主要表完成 fallen leaves (落叶) faded flowers (凋谢的花) boiled water (开水) newly arrived goods (新到的商品) Vanished civilization 失落的文明 The risen sun 升起的太阳 Shrunken clothes 缩水的衣服 Escaped prisoner 逃犯 说明：分词单独作定语一般前置，分词短语作定语一般后置。 不定式的省略 ★部分词语跟省掉to的不定式作宾补（let, make, have, see, hear, look at, listen to, feel, observe, watch, notice等） ★The teacher makes us write a composition every week. (主动态) ★We are made to write a composition every week by the teacher. (被动态) 感觉动词，使役动词。 其他结构中to省略 had better; would rather; would sooner; do other than; would just as soon; might just as well; cannot but; cannot help but; cannot choose but; etc. We might j