超声检测方法分类与特点概要.ppt

* * 5.6.2 自动检测 自动检测指使用自动化超声检测设备，在最少的人工干预下进行并完成检测的全部过程。一般指采用自动扫查装置，或在检测过程中可自动记录声束位置信息、自动采集和记录数据的检测方式。在自动检测中，检测结果受人为因素影响较小。 若满足如下任何一个条件，可称为自动检测： 1）采用自动扫查装置。探头固定于机械扫查装置上，扫查装置或工件按照设定的方式运动，从而完成超声检测全过程。 2）自动记录声束位置信息、自动采集和记录数据。为跟踪和记录探头位置，自动超声设备必须配备位置传感器，一般采用编码器或声定位技术，但相控阵方法是个例外，因为相控阵可以采用电子扫描以替代机械扫描。在扫查过程中，自动超声设备应能够自动采集超声信号以及相对应的位置信息，并以不可更改的方式记录下来。一般也使用扫查装置，按照驱动扫查装置的动力而言，可分为马达驱动和人驱动。若采用马达驱动，称为全自动；若采用人驱动，则称为半自动。全自动和半自动均简称为自动检测。 超声成像技术涉及二维或三维成像，成像算法中需要超声信号以及相对应的位置信息，因此都属于自动超声检测。 * * 谢谢！ * * TOFD Time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) technique is an ultrasonic NDT technique which was first described by Silk (1977). This method relies on the diffraction of ultrasonic energies from corners and ends of internal structures (primarily defects) in a component being tested. Some recent crack sizing results performed with ultrasonic methods on a thick-walled pressure vessel weld demonstrated that it is uncertain if TOFD is a reliable method for detection of cracks or sharp grooves at the inner wall of vessels or piping. Whether or not it can be used to replace more established conventional ultrasonic or radiography methods, TOFD testing has become a hot topic, but so far, the worldwide debate has not reached a consensus. TOFD does have its limitations if used for defect detection - the technique cannot detect all defects. But there is no doubt of its potential for use as an adjunct to other techniques weakness in the area of probability of detection. (ndt.net encyclopedia) Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Diagram and inspection results for weld inspection using TOFD. TOFD is a powerful technique, allowing efficient and fast inspection along with very accurate sizing of flaws. TOFD is an amplitude-independent flaw sizing method, providing excellent sizing even in the presence of noise. This technique has many advantages: Wide coverage area using a pair of transducers Accurate flaw sizing; amplitude-independent Sizing technique using time-of-flight information One-line volume insp