考研英语句子成分(打印版).doc

英语句子成分详解 句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语等。 一．主语： 主语(subject)?是一个句子的主题( theme)，?是句子所述说的主体、对象。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有一个单词、短语、从句乃至句子。 1．名词作主语。?如：A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。) Little streams feed big rivers. (?小河流入大江。) 2．代词用作主语。如：He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑) Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.?假期里大家都过得很愉快。 3．数词用作主语。如：Three is enough.?三个就够了。 Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。 4．名词化的形容词用作主语。 ???The old and the young are taken good care of in that village. 5．副词用作主语(极少见)。如：Now is the time.?现在是时候了。 6．名词化的介词作主语。如：The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. 我们必须承受人生之沉浮。 7．不定式用作主语。?如：To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。 It is impossible to defeat a person who never gives up.要打败一个永不放弃的人是不可能的。 8．?动名词用作主语。如：Smoking is bad for you.?吸烟对你有害。 Watching a film is pleasure, while making one is hard work.?看电影是乐事,制作影片则是苦事. 9．?名词化的过去分词用作主语。如：The disabled are to receive more money. 残疾人将得到更多的救济金。??The unemployed?got much help from the government. 10.?介词短语用作主语。如：To Beijing is not very far.?到北京不很远。 From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.从延安到南泥湾骑马要三个小时。 11.?从句用作主语。如: That he finished writing the composition in such a short time?surprised us all. Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow?remains unknown. Who will be our monitor?hasnt been decided yet. What caused the accident has been found out.. Whatever you did is right. What we need is time. 为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语(从句)搁置于句末?　　It is certain that he will win the match. It is strange that he should do that. It is important that we all should attend the meeting. It is still a mystery what caused the accident. It is said that he has gone to shanghai. It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. It seems that he has seen the film. It happened that the two cheats were there. 12.句子用作主语。如：“How do you do ?”?is a gree