暖通空调培训宝典探讨.ppt

* * * There are primarily four types of compressors used in the air-conditioning industry: reciprocating, scroll, helical-rotary (or screw), and centrifugal. The traditional reciprocating compressor has been used in the industry for decades. It contains cylinders, pistons, rods, a crankshaft, and valves, similar to an automobile engine. Refrigerant is drawn into the cylinders on the downstroke of the piston and compressed on the upstroke. Scroll and helical-rotary (or screw) compressors have become more common, replacing the reciprocating compressor in most applications due to their improved reliability and efficiency. These three types of compressors (reciprocating, scroll, and helical-rotary) all work on the principle of trapping the refrigerant vapor and compressing it by gradually shrinking the volume of the refrigerant. Thus, they are called positive-displacement compressors. In contrast, centrifugal compressors use the principle of dynamic compression, which involves converting energy from one form to another in order to increase the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant. The centrifugal compressor uses centrifugal force, generated by a rotating impeller, to compress the refrigerant vapor. * During the compression stroke, the piston reverses its direction and travels toward the discharge valve, compressing the refrigerant vapor and increasing the pressure within the cylinder. When the pressure inside the cylinder exceeds the suction pressure, the suction valve is forced closed, trapping the refrigerant vapor inside the cylinder. As the piston continues to travel toward the discharge valve, the refrigerant vapor is compressed, increasing the pressure inside the cylinder. * Scroll Compressor Similar to the reciprocating compressor, the scroll compressor works on the principle of trapping the refrigerant vapor and compressing it by gradually shrinking the volume of the refrigerant. The scroll compressor uses two scroll configurations, mated face-to-face,