06-RULESMECHANICSBALANCE游戏规则机制与均衡设计.pptVIP

无论是随机、隐藏信息，一定要思考有意义的选择是如何实现的。 * * 到这里，我们大致知道如何利用不确定性和信息隐藏去挑逗成就型、探索型玩家的基本方法。 * 游戏规则显然不能对一方有利，这会导致一边倒而使游戏失去了可玩性。游戏均衡很重要！ 这需要研究公平与公正这个话题。（社会学的研究） * 游戏中一些体现公平与公正的设计手段。人对人游戏 * 人对机的设计策略 * 如果规则采用物物交换，游戏规则设计和均衡的计算将无比复杂。 最简单的做法就是交易货币化。这样问题就可以等价于货币市场交换问题。均衡计算可以采用马尔科夫链等方法??这超出了我们的研究范围。 * RANDOMNESS IN GAMES Pure randomness is not a good game Remember coin flipping Player has no meaningful choice But many games are random Randomness means “lucky” (运气) Randomness means “chance”(机会，期望) 例如：飞行棋。随机+选择，让玩家总看到希望 例如：扑克，麻将。洗牌，让玩家体验多样的游戏场景 例如：RPG战斗的随机回报。让玩家难找规律 成就型玩家喜欢随机性，会一遍又一遍体验成功。 PSYCHOLOGY OF RANDOMNESS Players favor longshots（远射） Rare event that has very high payoff Will work towards it even if not optimal Especially if failure is cheap Players have “Monte Carlo syndrome”（随机综合症） After a bad run, expect a good result Otherwise, the game is “unfair” People don’t like “Drab scene” （单调的场景） Gamble（赌博） is “fun” 随机给个用户对风险偏好的选择！ STRATEGIC RANDOMNESS 大富翁有更多“meaningful choice” 玩家可以选择投资 可以选择阻击对手 How is the choice meaningful? Certain decisions are better than others Certain decisions are more fun than others Psychological effect on other players INSTABILITY（不稳定） VS. RANDOM Physics engines are very sensitive! Small input change = big output change Can make games “feel random” Instable challenges Difficult to repeat success Very difficult to tune But popular trend in modern puzzle games 重力游戏，积木类游戏，射击类游戏 例如： Paper Toss（扔纸团+风扇）、小鸟（射击+积木）。“选择意识”、“技巧”、“数学规则”。 IMPERFECT INFORMATION Imperfect information: Player does not know complete game state Player does not know all of the rules Can reason about likelihood Rules eliminate certain possibilities Model opponent psychology But less precise than probability 探索型、杀手型、交友型玩家都喜欢 揭露、保护“隐私”的对抗。Fun! MAKING INFORMATION IMPERFECT Hide information Fog of war Hidden moves Hidden die rolls Generate random noise (Partial) scanner jamming Inaccurate troop measurements 网络游戏要注重该部分设计 信息不对称是好玩的一部分！ INFORMATION TYPES Information known to all players Informat