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Chapter 1 Introduction to instructional design
* 这个模型不是课程设计模型。 要设计一门课程,在确定教学目的之前还有很多工作要做,比如需求分析、任务分析等 。 在课程设计项目中如果要用这个模型 ,就必须在教学目的确定之后才能用。 * Using the Systems Approach Model WHAT ARE THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF SYSTEMATICALLY DESIGNED INSTRUCTION? In its most simple form, a module might include: A statement to students that says what it is they are about to learn and how they will be tested. It would provide printed instructional materials as well as some practice exercises. A self-test that might be used prior to taking a terminal test could also be included. 当给出一个模块时,你能辨识出来吗?即使是最简单的模块,也要有有一段描述:说明学生要学的是什么,怎么被评测; 提供印刷的教学材料和练习题; 一套在期末考试前用的自测题; * Using the Systems Approach Model WHAT ARE THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF SYSTEMATICALLY DESIGNED INSTRUCTION? A more complex module might contain all of the items listed above, but might also incorporate a number of alternative sets of materials from which the learner could choose the one most appropriate. Alternative media forms such as a web site or videotapes could also be included. In addition, the learner might go to a laboratory to conduct an experiment or go outside the learning environment to gather information. · 复杂的模块不仅包括上列各项,还有一些可选的教学内容,学生可以选择最适合自己的; · 有时候模块还提供多种媒体格式的内同,如网站、录像带; 学生也许还要上实验室去做实验 ,或者到学习环境之外去收集信息。 * Using the Systems Approach Model FOR WHICH INSTRUCTIONAL DELIVERY SYSTEM IS THE SYSTEMS APPROACH APPROPRIATE? The systems approach is a generic planning process that ensures that instructional products developed for any delivery system are responsive to the needs of learners and effective in achieving the desired learning outcomes. (系统化方法是一个通用的计划过程,保证了为任何传递系统开发的教学产品都能够满足学生的需要,能够有效地达到所期望的学习结果。) * Using the Systems Approach Model DOES THE USE OF THE SYSTEMS APPROACH IMPLY THAT ALL INSTRUCTION WILL BE INDIVIDUALIZED? So the systems approach can be used to design individualized instruction. However, it can also be used to design group-based instruction if we may use this term in contrast with individualized instructio
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