Foundations of Safety Science.pptVIP

popular theories in safety science Theories have been popular in the safety science community in recent decades. Normal accident theory The theory of high reliability organizations Resilience engineering 柔性工程 事故论 Normal accident theory The theory of normal accident is propounded by sociologist. ---- “Normal Accidents” Charles Perrow, Princeton University Press. 1999. The paradigm case of a normal accident for Perrow is the Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor near disaster in 1979. Normal accident theory “Normal accident theory turns out to be a theory that fails to explain any real accident.” “… turned out to be a case of sloppy management, not an inevitable result of the technology.” The theory of HROs High Reliability Organisations (HROs) One prominent use … was in the analysis of the Columbia space shuttle accident. “Major Incident Investigation Board (MIIB) recommended that organisations should be encouraged to behave as HROs.” HROs characteristics HROs manage the unexpected through five processes: (1)preoccupation with failures rather than successes, (2)reluctance to simplify interpretations, (3)sensitivity to operations, (4)commitment to resilience and (5)deference to expertise are exhibited by encouragement of a fluid decision-making system Together these five processes produce a collective state of mindfulness. Is safety a subject for science? Erik Hollnagel Outline The focus is on whether the notion of safety itself is a proper subject for scientific investigation, or Indeed whether safety as such is an appropriate topic or subject for scientific discipline. Is safety a subject for science? “If the common definitions are accepted, then a science must have a more or less well-defined topic, focus, or object (phenomenon) that can be studied.” Science “It must have a paradigm…” Is safety a subject for science? Safety science is the study of safety. “But unlike the …, safety dose not represent an agreement on cannot what it is that should be studied, nor can