数据库系统概念第六章.pptVIP

Representation of Relationship Sets Combination(合并) of Schemas Consider a many-to-one relationship set AB from entity set A to entity set B. we get three schemas: A, B, and AB. Suppose further that the participation of A in the relationship is total; that is, every entity a in the entity set B must participate in the relationship AB. Then we can combine the schemas A and AB to form a single schema consisting of the union of attributes of both schemas. SSDUT-Software School of DUT * Representation of Relationship Sets Combination(合并) of Schemas In the case of one-to-one relationships, the relation schema for the relationship set can be combined with the schemas for either of the entity sets. We can combine schemas even if the participation is partial by using null values. Drop the constraint referencing the entity set into whose schema the relationship set schema is merged, and add the other foreign-key constraints to the combined schema. SSDUT-Software School of DUT * Entity-Relationship Design Issues SSDUT-Software School of DUT * Use of Entity Sets versus Attributes What constitutes an attribute, and what constitutes an entity set? depend on the structure of the real-world enterprise being modeled, and on the semantics (语义) associated with the attribute in question. SSDUT-Software School of DUT * Use of Entity Sets versus Relationship Sets SSDUT-Software School of DUT * Binary versus n-ary Relationship Sets SSDUT-Software School of DUT * replace a nonbinary (n-ary, for n 2) relationship set by a number of distinct binary relationship sets. Placement of Relationship Attributes Attributes of a one-to-many relationship set can be repositioned to only the entity set on the “many” side of the relationship. For one-to-one relationship sets, the relationship attribute can be associated with either one of the participating entities. SSDUT-Software School of DUT * Thanks SSDUT-Software School of DUT * Participation Constraints The participation of an entity set E in