高中重点语法集锦.docVIP

一、非谓语动词 非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式 3种形式：不定式，分词（现在分词、过去分词），动名词 非谓语动词用法： 一）动词不定式： 1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后， 例如：Im glad to meet you. / The patient asked to be operated on at once. 2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生， 例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. / He seems to be reading in his room. 3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前， 例如：I regretted to have told a lie. / I happened to have seen the film. 二）动名词： 　1）一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 　2）被动式：He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。 　3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。 　4）完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 　5）否定式：not + doing I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。 　6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词 　　He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。 　　His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。 三）现在分词： 1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如： They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。 Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。 2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。 The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 3) 与逻辑主语构成独立主格： I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。 All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。 Time permitting, well do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。 4) with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。 4) 悬垂分词： udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。 Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。 Considering his age, he has done a good job. 四）过去分词： 1)过去分词作定语： Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。 2) 过去分词作表语： The window is broken. 窗户破了。 有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如： boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）