sentencetranslationstudentsdo.pptVIP

Unit One Language, Culture and Communication 1.The tendency for all people to reproduce, group into families or societies, develop a language, and …….will also be similar. (para2, line 6) 2. Promising are the cross-cultural studies seeking to support Darwin’s theory that facial expressions are universal and researchers found that the particular visible pattern on the face, the combination of muscles contracted for anger, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, happiness is the same for all members of our species, but this seems helpful until it is realized that a person’s cultural upbringing determines whether or not that emotion will be displayed or suppressed, as well as on which occasions and to what degree. (Para3) 3.Since there seems to be no universals of “human nature” that can be used as a basis……Searching for whatever perceptions and communication means are held in common and proceed from there. (para4 , line 1) 4. A look-alike facade is deceiving when representatives from contrasting cultures meet, each wearing Western dress, speaking English, and using similar greeting rituals. (Para 5，line 2) 　 5.The confidence that goes with the myth of similarity is much more comfortable than the assumption of differences, the latter requiring tentative assumptions and behaviors and a willingness to accept the anxiety of “not knowing.” (para6, line 1) 6.Only with the assumption of differences, however, can reactions and interpretation be adjusted to fit “what’s happening”. Otherwise someone is likely to misread signs and judge the scene ethnocentrically. (Para 6, line 4) 7.The stumbling block of assumed similarity is a “troublem,”, as one English learner expressed it, not only for the foreigner but for the people in the host country with whom the international visitor comes into contact. (para7, line1) 8.The variations in possible meaning, especially if inflection and tonal qualities are added, are so difficult to cope with that they are often waved aside.