座-TheEffectsofAlloyingElementsonIron-CarbonAlloys.pptVIP

The Effects of Alloying Elements on Iron-Carbon Alloys 合金元素对铁碳相图影响 参考吴承建《金属材料学》，或宋《金属学》p370 The simplest version of analyzes the effects of alloying elements on iron-carbon alloys would require analysis of a large number of ternary alloy diagrams over a wide temperature range. However, Wever pointed out that iron binary equilibrium systems fall into four main categories (Fig. 1): 实际多元合金铁碳相图（截面）可分为四类： 1）open γ-field 奥氏体相区被打开 2）closed γ-field 奥氏体相区被关闭 3）expanded γ-field奥氏体相区被扩大 4）contracted γ-field 奥氏体相区被缩小 This approach indicates two ways that alloying elements can influence the equilibrium diagram in :影响铁碳相图的合金元素可分为两类 奥氏体形成元素：by expanding the γ-field, and encouraging the formation of austenite over wider compositional limits. These elements are called γ-stabilizers. 铁素体形成元素：by contracting the γ-field, and encouraging the formation of ferrite over wider compositional limits. These elements are called α-stabilizers. 受其它合金元素影响，实际钢的相图的可能四种特征Figure 1. Classification of iron alloy phase diagrams: a. open γ-field; b. expanded γ-field c.close γ-field; d. contracted γ-field(Wever, Archiv, Eisenhüttenwesen, 1928-9, 2, 193) The form of the diagram depends to some degree on the electronic structure of the alloying elements which is reflected in their relative positions in the periodic classification. 合金元素影响铁素体、奥氏体相区大小的解释机理？（从晶体结构与溶解度来考虑） 扩大γ相区的A形成元素(A formers) 使A3温度下降，A4温度升高； 与γ无限固溶，开启γ相区； 与γ有限溶解，扩大γ相区。 问题：扩大γ相区的A形成元素有那些？解释机理。 Class 1: open γ-field.开启γ相区 To this group belong the important steel alloying elements Nickel and Manganese, as well as Cobalt and the inert metals Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium, Osmium, Iridium and Platinum. Both nickel and manganese, if added in sufficiently high concentration, completely eliminate the bcc α-iron phase and replace it, down to room temperature, with the γ-phase. So nickel and manganese depress the phase transformation from γ to α to lower temperatures (Fig. 1a), i.e. both Ac1 and Ac3 are lowered. It is a