Chapter 11 Temperature Measurement in Moving Fluids.pptVIP

Chapter 11 Temperature Measurement in Moving Fluids Thus it is incorrect to speak of the various temperatures (static, dynamic, total) of an in viscid, incompressible fluid; the liquid temperature T, is the only one of any significance. No change in the directed kinetic energy of a liquid continuum will effect a change in this liquid temperature, and any adiabatic probe will indicate this liquid temperature. In summary, if the realized equation of state (pv=RT) well represents the thermodynamic quantities (p, v, T) of a particular gas, and if the specific heat capacity cp of the gas nay be considered constant over the temperature range involved, the total temperature will be constant in any adiabatic, workless change in the thermodynamic state of the gas. Joule and Thomson [12], as early as 1860, noted: “. . . it must be obvious that a thermometer placed in the wind registers the temperature of the air, plus the greater portion, but not the whole, of the vis viva of its motion….” Of course they were close to the idea of a recovery factor, which we now introduce to account for deviations from previously stated ideal conditions in real fluids. 11.7.1 At a Stagnation Point Even when we limit our attention to the fluid stagnation point, the total temperature of a gas and the liquid temperature of a liquid ran never he measured directly. This assertion can be substantiated by the following development. For an isentropic workless process, equation (11.4) yields (11.11) and equation (11.8) yields (11.12) Where the subscript s signifies an isentropic process. By equation (11.12) the enthalpy change (generally, dh= du + pdv+vdp) also can be expressed as ` When the general definition of enthalpy change, equation (11.5), is combined with equation (11.13