Infrared (IR) Communication.pptVIP

CSE 477 Winter 1999 Introduction Infrared (IR) Communication Light Spectrum Implementation costs rise significantly around 1-10 GHz. (But one important exception is IR at around 500 THz ; very inexpensive.) Signals above 100 GHz cannot penetrate walls Most signals below 300 GHz are regulated by the FCC How do you Transmit with IR No conductor Signal spreads from origin Signal strength decreases with distance Can’t use amplitude Too much noise from other IR sources (lights, people, etc.) Can’t use sign (no +/-) Solution: Modulation Send pulses of light to represent binary information Modulation Schemes SIR - Serial Infrared 2400bps to 115,200bps SIR modem is simple and low-cost SDLC-based MIR 576Kbps and 1.152Mbps guarantees a minimal occurrence rate of light pulses FIR - Fast Infrared 4Mbps power usage constant (always the same) SIR - Serial Infrared Modulation 1.6us (or 3/16 bit interval) pulse of light for each ‘0’ in a standard asynchronous data stream Inverse of serial RS-232 where signal is held high, then pulled down for zeros Stream consists of a start bit, N data bits, and 1 stop bit (serial packet) SDLC-based MIR A data stream ‘0’ is coded for by the presence of an optical pulse 1/4 of the bit interval in duration (217ns for 1.152Mbps) The SDLC protocol, with its zero-insertion bit-stuffing approach, guarantees a minimal occurrence rate of zeroes (and therefore light pulses) in the data stream FIR - Fast Infrared More Ethernet-like in its framing a packet is made up of a preamble, start of frame delimiter (SFD) and a data payload. Utilizes 1:4 Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) each pair of bits in the data stream are represented by a pulse of light emitted in one of 4 available slot positions which comprise a 4PPM symbol IR Communication Protocols To use IR hardware easily, we build up layers of protocol that get us farther away from the implementation each step. Common Protocols: Serial IR IrDA Differences between Waves and Wire Distance/$$$ Wave tr