非谓语动词写作中的运用探析.doc

非谓语动词 一、非谓语动词作状语 1．动词不定式作状语 ①I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.(2013·山东高考) 由于感到累了，我就停下车稍微休息了一下。 ②George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.(2012·山东高考) 乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。 ③You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。 ④This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(2012·辽宁高考) 这台机器很容易操作。在几分钟内任何人都能学会使用。 (1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 (2)only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。 (3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy, lucky, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased, fortunate, right等。 (4)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。 2．分词作状语 ①One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.(2014·济南模拟) 一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他家。 ②Having arrived early for his date, Mark spent time reading the newspaper.(2014·济宁一模) 因为约会到的早了些，马克读报纸来打发时间。 ③Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.(2012·重庆高考) 我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。 ④Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful. 从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。 ⑤Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。 (1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 (2)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。 (3)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having doing)。 (4)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成时的被动形式(having been done)。 (5)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。 3．独立成分作状语 Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong. 从口音判断，他是香港人。 Considering your health, youd better have a rest. 考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下。 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有： generally speaking　　　　　　 一般来说 frankly speaking 坦白地说 judging from/by ... 根据……来判断 considering .../taking ... into consideration 考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing ... 鉴于/由于…… supposing 假设，如果 assuming 假使 given 考虑