Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.pptVIP

Outline General view on MAC protocol in WSN Requirements Problems MAC protocols for WSN Conclusion General Purposes of MAC Protocol MAC protocol is to ensure that the channel can be accessed by multiple users, dealing with the situation of interference. Has a direct bearing on how reliably and efficiently data can be transmitted Requirement of WSN Application-level performance is the goal as opposed to per-node fairness Long battery life Delay Surveillance, Low traffic, Regular update Emergency, Quick response, Bursty heavy load Requirement of WSN cont’d Adaptive to changing topology Nodes die out Mobile nodes Applicable with limited computing capability MAC Protocol for WSN Energy-efficient in sense of achieved throughput Delay-optimized Robust As simple as possible Major problems in WSN MAC design Idle listening Listening when no traffic is sent Overhearing Receiving packets destined to other nodes Collision Retransmission Overhead Headers for signaling Overhearing Receiving packets that are not destined to the node Interception, waste of energy in receiving, error responding will cause potential collision Traffic Pattern Local broadcast Schedule exchange/update between neighbors Omni-directional transmission is desired Nodes to sink report Payload and signaling In favor of directional transmission Classification Basic idea Control the active time of radio Control the times of on-off switches Scheduling: time-slotted system, wake-up by schedule, clock shift can be disastrous LPL (Low Power Listening): preamble sampling, wake-up tone S-MAC (Sensor-MAC)? Single frequency, schedule-based Active time interval, larger sleep interval Duty cycle = listen interval / frame length S-MAC cont’d Total frame length is limited by latency requirement, buffer space, and active time Active time depends on message rate; fragmentation is used while transmitting large messages S-MAC cont’d Synchronization period Nodes exchange schedules by sending SYNC packets to immed