2013届高考英语专题精析常考易考点语法篇非谓语动词.docVIP

2013届高考英语专题精析常考易考点语法篇非谓语动词 基本考点归纳： 动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫做v.-ing形式。动词不定式、过去分词及v.-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词形式多样，应用广泛，且在句中起着很活跃的作用，也是语法项目中的重点和难点。 1.动词不定式的要点 1．动词不定式的形式变化 2.动词不定式的基本用法 (1)作主语：To help each other is good. 动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用。(动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末)，如： It is good to help each other. (2)作表语： My job is to drive them to the power station every day. (3)作宾语： ①作及物动词的宾语，如： She wishes to be a musician. ②作某些形容词的宾语：这类形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如： I am determined to give up smoking. ③当动词不定式之前有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如： Can you give us some advice on what to do next? (4)作宾语补足语，如： Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如： I saw a little girl run across the street. (5)作定语：须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? (6)作状语： ①目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. ②结果状语： They lived to see the liberation of their home town. 他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。 2.动词-ing形式的要点 1．-ing的形式 2.-ing形式的基本用法 (1)作主语：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 (2)作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. (3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。 She likes drawing very much. ②作某些短语动词的宾语。 Mary is thinking of going back to New York. ③ do＋限定词(my, some, any, the等)＋v.-ing，表示“做……事”之意，如： do some cleaning打扫卫生 do some shopping购物 ④作介词的宾语： Her sister is good at learning physics. ⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语： This book is well worth reading. (4)作定语： The sleeping child is only five years old. (5)作宾语补足语： We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。 (6)作状语： ①时间状语： Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while，如： When crossing street, you must be careful. ②原因状语： Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. ③方式或伴随状语： Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. 3.过去分词的要点 1. 作定语：如果是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。如：The