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 Placement optimization of actuators and sensors for gyroelastic body  Abstract Gyroelastic body refers to a flexible structure with a distribution of stored angular momentum provided by fly wheels or control moment gyroscopes. The angular momentum devices can exert active torques to the structure for vibration suppression or shape control. This article mainly focuses on the placement optimization issue of the actuators and sen- sors on the gyroelastic body. The control moment gyroscopes and angular rate sensors are adopted as actuators and sensors, respectively. The equations of motion of the gyroelastic body incorporating the detailed actuator dynamics are linearized to a loosely coupled state-space model. Two optimization approaches are developed for both constrained and unconstrained gyroelastic bodies. The first is based on the controllability and observability matrices of the system. It is only applicable to the collocated actuator and sensor pairs. The second criterion is formulated from the concept of con- trollable and observable subspaces. It is capable of handling the cases of both collocated and noncollocated actuator and sensor pairs. The illustrative examples of a cantilevered beam and an unconstrained plate demonstrate the clear physical meaning and rationality of the two proposed methods. Keywords Gyroelastic body, flexible structures, angular momentum devices, angular rate sensors, placement optimization Date received: 29 October 2014; accepted: 12 January 2015 Academic Editor: Xiaotun Qiu Introduction In order to suppress the structure vibrations of large flexible spacecraft, D’Eleuterio and Hughes1,2 intro- duced the concept of gyroelastic body. It refers to a flexible body in which each volume element possesses an infinitesimal quantity of stored angular momentum. The momentum devices can directly exert control tor- ques on the flexible structure, making it quite suitable for distributed control. D’Eleuterio and Hughes1,2 have studied the dy