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Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 31 (2006) 55–60 /locate/etfs Swirling e?ect of jet impingement on heat transfer from a ?at surface to CO2 stream Z.X. Yuan *, Y.Y. Chen, J.G. Jiang, C.F. Ma Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, Beijing Education Commission, Beijing University of Technology, China Received 1 September 2005; accepted 20 December 2005 Abstract The heat transfer of swirling and conventional CO2–air submerged jet impingement was experimentally studied with thermo-chromic crystal liquid technique. The experiment is focused on the veri?cation of the swirling jet e?ect on the distribution of the local heat transfer coe?cient on the impinged target surface. In the range of Re = 7500–28 300, distributions of the local Nusselt number were obtained and compared with other researcher’s results. It is revealed that the swirling of the jet improves the radial uniformity of the heat transfer signi?cantly. The heat transfer deteriorates in the stagnation region but gets enhanced in the wall jet region. The relative magnitude of the Nusselt number for the swirling and non-swirling jets reverse in the range of r/D = 0.35–0.95. In addition, the swirling jet also enhances the heat transfer in terms of the mean Nusselt number in a larger r/D area. ó 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Heat transfer; Swirling jet; TCL technique; Enhancement 1. Introduction With its e?ectiveness of localized heating or cooling, jet impingement has been widely applied in cooling of electronic package, cooling of turbine blade, drying of textile, and many other engineering areas. As the power density of electronic equipment continually increases, it is hoped to ?nd approaches to further improve the thermal performance of jet impingement. A way to enhance the heat transfer is increasing the turbulence intensity of the jet stream [1,2]. It is found that enhancements