CampylobacterHelicobacter.pptVIP

REVIEW Campylobacter Helicobacter Superfamily Gram-negative Helical (spiral or curved) morphology; Tend to be pleomorphic Characteristics that facilitate penetration and colonization of mucosal environments (e.g., motile by polar flagella; corkscrew shape) Microaerophilic atmospheric requirements Become coccoid when exposed to oxygen or upon prolonged culture Neither ferment nor oxidize carbohydrates General Characteristics Common to Superfamily REVIEW Campylobacter Review First isolated as Vibrio fetus in 1909 from spontaneous abortions in livestock Campylobacter enteritis was not recognized until the mid-1970s when selective isolation media were developed for culturing campylobacters from human feces Most common form of acute infectious diarrhea in developed countries; Higher incidence than Salmonella Shigella combined In the U.S., 2 million cases annually, an annual incidence close to the 1.1% observed in the United Kingdom; Estimated 200-700 deaths History of Campylobacter REVIEW REVIEW REVIEW Small, thin (0.2 - 0.5 um X 0.5 - 5.0 um), helical (spiral or curved) cells with typical gram-negative cell wall; “Gull-winged” appearance Tendency to form coccoid elongated forms on prolonged culture or when exposed to O2 Distinctive rapid darting motility Long sheathed polar flagellum at one (polar) or both (bipolar) ends of the cell Motility slows quickly in wet mount preparation Microaerophilic capnophilic 5%O2,10%CO2,85%N2 Thermophilic (42-43C) (except C. fetus) Body temperature of natural avian reservoir May become nonculturable in nature Morphology Physiology of Campylobacter REVIEW Campylobacter Species Associated with Human Disease REVIEW Low incidence potential sequela Reactive, self-limited, autoimmune disease Campylobacter jejuni most frequent antecedent pathogen Immune response to specific O-antigens cross-reacts with ganglioside surface components of peripheral nerves (molecular or antigenic mimicry) Acute inflammatory demyelinating neu