PanelII-Biofuels.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Panel II - Biofuels Alfred Szwarc IPC’s Fall Seminar “Sustainability in the Food Agricultural Sector” Stratford-Upon-Avon, October 15 – 16, 2007 UNICA is the leading Brazilian association of sugar ethanol producers Ethanol related UNICA’s goals: structure an international fuel ethanol market consolidate ethanol as a global energy commodity develop new applications and markets incentive adoption of best practices The Industry in Brazil Sustainability Issues Trade Issues Concluding Remarks Ethanol from Sugar Cane Sugar Cane is the prime ethanol feedstok in Brazil Semi-perennial plant: lasts for about 5 crop seasons with high yields and has many benefits over traditional row crops: less energy to plant cultivate; root system reduces erosion effective carbon uptake; relatively low defensive fertilizer requirements; many varieties. Sugar Cane Hydrolysis Sugar Cane: Source of Energy Hydrolysis 1/3 JUICE 1/3 BAGASSE 1/3 STRAW SUGAR (153 kg/t) ETHANOL CO-GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY MOLASSES 165 kg/t 15%humidity 276 kg/t 50% humidity Source: Unica. Cellulosic ethanol revolution: when will it take place? Straw: tops and leaves of sugar cane Where is the Sugar Cane? Source: NIPE-UNICAMP, IBGE and CTC. Plant in construction or in project Current plant Amazon Rain Forest Wetlands Sugar cane Sugar Cane Expansion Area Crop Season 2006/07 AC 0 % AM 0,05% PA 0,16 % RR 0 % RO 0 % MT 3,09 % AP 0 % MA 0,39% TO 0,04% GO 3,79 % BA 0,51 % PI 0,17% CE 0,01% RN, PE, PB, AL 10,9 % SE 0,27 % MG 6,82 % SP 62,05 % ES 0,68 % RJ 0,81 % PR 7,51 % SC 0 % RS 0,02 % MS 2,73 % Source: Unica Sugar Cane in Brazil Availability of Arable Land Note: Area harvested in 2004. Arable land in equivalent potential. Source: FAO, Land Resource Potential and Constraints at Regional and Country Level (2000); FAO (2007). Prepared by ICONE. Source: Sindag, IBGE, 2007 kg of active substance per hectare Agricultural Defensiv