APA 格式指南的认识.docVIP

第一部分 APA 格式指南 “Don’t” and “Can’t” 等形式. 2． 文内引用格式 （In-Text Citations） （1） 直接引述（Direct citation） 当所引用的作者是句子的一部分时： 引述一个作者时，例如： Long (1991) argues that without this, outcomes such as those from immersion education are likely to occur, with a lack of sustained development. 引述两个作者时中间用 and (不用 )连接，例如： Perkins and Gass (1996) argue that, since proficiency is multidimensional, it does not always develop at the same rate in all domains. 引述三个以上少于六个作者时： 第一次引用时Sanders, Spooren and Noordman (1992) present a useful taxonomy of coherence relations. 从第二次引用开始 et al. 表达，例如： Sanders et al. (1992) studied coherence relations based on four criteria. 引述六个以上的作者时，可直接用第一个作者的姓+ et al. 表达。 页码可置于文献出版（或发表）的时间（年）后或引述的句子后。但无论选择哪一种，在论文中最好前后统一，例如，用“:” 或 “p./pp.” 不能交替使用。例如： Messick (1989:20) presents what he calls a ‘progressive matrix’. Hu (1994:5~6) points out that text studies in the 1960s and early 1970s are more or less concerned with “text grammar” and textual “grammaticality”. Messick (1989, p. 20) presents what he calls a ‘progressive matrix’. Hu (1994, pp. 5~6) points out that text studies in the 1960s and early 1970s are more or less concerned with “text grammar” and textual “grammaticality”. Gould (1989) explains that Darwin used the metaphor of the tree of life “to express the other form of interconnectedness – genealogical rather than ecological – and to illustrate both success and failure in the history of life” (p. 14). Hu (1994) points out that text studies in the 1960s and early 1970s are more or less concerned with “text grammar” and textual “grammaticality” (pp. 5~6). 若引文过长（超过50词），则列为一段。例如： Lorenz (1999) voiced a very similar view that because in written communication, coherence cannot be explicitly negotiated face-to-face between text producer and text receiver, “writers therefore have every reason for trying to be unequivocal and to make their ideas, intentions and arguments unmistakably clear. One way of doing this is to carefully signal logical relations and thereby ‘