2014.12公开课虚拟语气.pptVIP

虚拟语气 Subjunctive (虚拟语气 ) 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，是一种与事实相反的愿望。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。 虚拟语气在条件从句中 在条件从句中 (If虚拟条件从句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况： 表示与事实情况相反 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示与现在事实相反 过去式(did) (be常用were) would / could / might / should+ 动词原形 表示与过去事实相反 过去完成式(had +done would / could / might/should+have+过去分词 表示与将来 事实相反 ①过去式(did) ②should + do ③were to + do would/could/might/ should+动词原形 a. 与现在事实相反的假设 条件从句 主句 一般过去时（be用were） would /could/might+动词原形 例如：如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。 If they were here, they would help you. 含义：They are not here, so they can’t help you. b. 与过去事实相反的假设 条件从句 主句 过去完成时（had + 过去分词） would/could/might+ have+ 过去分词 如:如果他昨天来的话，我就把这件事告诉他了。 If he had come yesterday, I would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 would/could/might+动词原形 were+ to +动词原形 should+ 动词原形 例如：如果你成功了，一切都会好的。 If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. 含义：You are not likely to succeed, so everything will be what it is now. 虚拟语气在混合条件句中的应用： 有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。 1.如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do today. (从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。) 2.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。 If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today. （现在） 虚拟条件句的倒装： 虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had，可省if，再把were, should或had移到从句的句首，实行倒装. 1.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。 If they were here now, they could help us. =Were they here now, they could help us. 2.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。 If you had come earlier, you would have met him. = Had you come earlier, you would have met him. 3.如果下雨，庄稼就得救了。 If it should rain, the crops would be saved. = Should it rain, the crops would be saved. 在主语从句中的应用： 在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, a pity ,natural, essential ) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: should + 动词原形  1. It’s necessary that we should have a