chapter 5 语结构树chapter 5 短语结构树.doc

短语结构树 (18) The PS tree for the sentence “ the child found a puppy” S NP VP Det N V NP The child found Det N a puppy X-bar 图示 XP (NP) Specifier X’(N’) ( The) X(N) Complement (mayor) ( of Guangzhou ) 各种短语的X-杠标图示 NP: The tall black student of English from china. [NP[SpecThe [N’ [Modifier tall [N’ [Modifier black [N’ [N student [Comp [ppof English]] [Adjunct [pp from china]]]]]]]]] (a detailed illustration of the sentence by the nested square backets). XP (NP) Specifier N’ (The) Modifier N’ (tall) Modifier N’ ( black) N’ Adjunct(PP) (from China) N Complement (PP) (student) (of English) b. VP : ……all read the letters after lunch. [VP [Spec all [V’ [V read [NP the [N’ [N letters [PP after lunch]]]]]]]] VP Specifier V’ (all) V’ PP after lunch V NP read the N’ N Comp letters (empty) c: PP: right through the center d: AP: Very afraid of snakes. [PP right [P’ [P through [NP the center]]]] [AP very[A’ [A afraid [PP of snakes]]]] PP AP right P’ very A’ P NP A PP through the center afraid of snakes e: AdvP： uite independently of any outside pressure. [AdvP quite [Adv’ [Adv independently [PP [P’ [P of [NP [Spec any [N’ outside [N pr