dìfferencebetweenenglìshandchìnese.pptVIP

Difference between English and Chinese General introduction Words Sentences Discourse Rhetorical devices Sentence 英语句子重形合（hypotaxis）；汉语句子重意合（parataxis）。 所谓“形合”就是主要靠语言本身语法手段；所谓“意合”主要靠句子内部逻辑联系。 英文句子结构紧凑严密。中文句子结构简练明快。 总之，英语句子中，主干结构突出，即主谓机制突出。名词尤其是抽象名词和介词用得多。在表达复杂思想时，往往开门见山，然后借助英语特有词汇关系代词（relative pronoun），进行空间搭架，把各个子句（clause）有机地结合起来，构成一串葡萄似的句子。主干可能很短，上面却结着累累果实。 汉语词语组合成句依靠词序(word order)和虚词(empty word)。 Text / Discourse Definition The difference between English text and Chinese text examples Definition (1) 篇章是指由连贯的句子或语段所构成的、或长或短的语义整体，例如一篇散文、一项合同、一页说明书、一首诗歌、一个剧本、一次谈话、一则寓言、一封书信、一部小说或专著，或其中意义比较完整的片段。 Definition (2) 篇章不是一连串孤立的句子的简单组合，而是一个语义上的整体，即表达整体意义。 语言形式上，篇内各句、段之间存在着粘连性（cohesion），如连接、替代、省略、照应； 语义逻辑上，全篇通常有首有尾，各句段所反映的概念或命题具有连续性。每个句子都起着一定的承前启后的作用，句与句、段与段的排列一般都符合逻辑顺序。 篇章翻译：语境 Difference in text (1) English : subject-prominent Chinese : topic-prominent Examples Examples (1) ……1到了铁公祠前，2朝南一望，只见对面千佛山上，梵宇僧楼，与那苍松翠柏，3高4下相间，红的火红，白的雪白，青的靛青，绿的碧绿，更有那一株半株的丹枫夹在里面，5仿佛宋人赵千里的一幅大画，作了一架数十里长的屏风。 ------------------------（刘鹗：《老残游记》，齐鲁书社，1985，14页） Examples (1) When he1 reached the temple, he2 looked southwards and saw on the other side of the lake the Mount of a Thousand Buddha. There were temples and monasteries, some3 high and some4 low, scattered among the greyed pines and green cypresses: the red were as red as fire, the white as white as snow, the blue as blue as indigo and the green as green as emerald, while here and there were a few red maples. It5 looked like a big painting by Zhao Qianli, the Song-dynasty painter, only made into a screen a dozen miles long. ——(from The Travels of Lao Can, tr. By Yang Hsienyi and Gladys Yang, Panda Books, 1983, p24-25) Examples (2) They tell us, Sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable and adversary. But when shall we be stronger? Will it1 be the next week, or the next year? Will it2 be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in every house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Sh