复杂网络中的同步.pptVIP

上海交通大学自动化系复杂网络与控制实验室 汪小帆教授，李翔博士 博士后1名 博士生8名 硕士生10名 研究课题： 混沌控制、同步与反控制 INTERNET拥塞控制系统非线性动力学 复杂网络上的同步、控制、传播、搜索、社团结构等… Outline 1. Synchronization:All together now Synchronization is one of the most pervasive phenomena in the Universe. Synchronization of Clocks The study of synchronous systems cuts across the disciplines of modern science. But the underlying phenomenon was first documented over three centuries ago. In 1665, Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens lay ill in bed, watching the motions of two pendulum clocks he had built. To his surprise, he detected an “odd kind of sympathy” between the clocks: regardless of their initial state, the two pendulums soon adopted the same rhythm, one moving left as the other swung right. Elated, Huygens announced his finding at a special session of the Royal Society of London, attributing this synchrony to tiny forces transmitted between the clocks by the wooden beam from which they were suspended. In 1960s, Arthur Winfree, a theoretical biologist began to study coupled oscillators Fireflies Synchronize their Flashes The blinking of fireflies is one behavior that Winfree studied. As night falls on the jungles of Southeast Asia, fireflies begin to flicker, each following its own rhythm. But over the next hour or so, pockets of synchrony emerge and grow. Thousands of fireflies clustered around individual trees eventually flash as one, switching on and off every second or two to create a stunning entomological light show. How does such synchrony come about? In this case, each firefly has its own cycle of flashes, but that rhythm can be reset when the fly sees a flash from a neighbour. Pairs of flies become synchronized in this way, and the effect gradually spreads until large groups are linked. In general, oscillating units communicate by exchanging signals that prompt other units to alter their timing. Synchronization occurs if these ‘coupling’ signals are influential enough to overcome the initial variation in individual fre