成人零基本学习英语词类.ppt

scenery[′si:n?ri] n.风景，景色 soup [su:p] n.汤 shallow [′??l?u] a.浅(薄)的 n.[ pl.]浅滩，浅水处 annoy ?[?′n?i] vt.使恼怒，使烦恼 thumb [θ?m] n.拇指 v.示意要求搭车 insult [in′s?lt, ′?ins?lt] vt.侮辱，辱骂 n.侮辱，凌辱 roast ?[r?ust] v.烤，炙，烘 n.烤肉 a.烤(烘)过的 awkward [′?:kw?d] a.尴尬的，棘手的；难操纵的；笨拙的 rubber[′r?b?] n.橡胶；橡皮[ pl.]胶鞋 a.橡胶的 实义动词有完全的词义，并能独立作谓语，例如：explain(解释)，stay(停留)，have(有)等。 及物动词(transitive verb)后面要跟宾语，意义才完整。 例如： You must consider the matter carefully./ Have you received the letter? / I need your help. (名词作宾语) He wrote down the address.（介词短语） I didn’t know who the girl is.（从句） Enjoy yourself.(反身代词) 不及物动词(intransitive verb)本身意义完整，可表示一个动作，后面不需跟宾语，例如： The old man walked very slowly. He didnt sleep well last night. Come and sit on the sofa. The baby cried all night. He has already slept for two days. 若表示运动或某种状态，后常跟表示方向、地点、时间的状语 说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： She can dance and sing. (作vi.) She can sing many English songs.（vt） He was watchingTV when I entered the room.(vt) He was watching TV when I entered.(vi.) 亦称连系动词 它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语构成主+系+表结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词 I am a girl. The kite is hers. The vase is on the table. Monkeys are clever animals. Who was the first? It is raining again. 助动词包括以下几种： be have do Will, shall, would, should 1.助动词be的用法 (1)与现在分词构成进行时态 He is singing. They were having a meeting at ten yesterday morning. (2)与过去分词构成被动语态 This kind of car is made in Beijing. Were the kids taken good care of? (3)“be +不定式”表示未来的计划或安排，还可表示命令或约定。 The train is to leave at ten. You are to explain this. 2.助动词have 的基本用法 (1)与过去分词构成完成时态 I have finished my homework. The train had left before he got to the station. (2)与“been + 现在分词”构成完成进行时态 It has been raining the whole morning.　 (3)与“been +过去分词”构成完成时态的被动语态 The story has been told in China for many years. 3.助动词do 的基本用法 (1)在一般现