《生物化学》复习提纲.docVIP

《生物化学》复习提纲 请结合课件、课堂问题、作业 1. An overview of metabolism Universal carriers of electrons ，function in reactions——NAD+/NADH, NDAP+/NADPH, FAD/FADH2 Calculate (G （0, 0, =0） 2. Oxidative Phosphorylation Definition/Respiratory chain;Four complexes, Proton pumps and each functions; a proton grandient powers the synthesis of ATP; Q cycle peocess; The chemiosmotic model of Mitchell and its definition The ATP synthase; Fo/F1 ; structure and function,how ATP is produced via ATP synthase; NADH and FADH2 shuttle movements will generate ATP molecules. 3. The Light Reaction of Photosynthesis Electron transport through PSI and PSII; Cyclic and non-cyclic pathways. Key enzyme in Calvin Cycle. 4. Glycolysis and Gluconeoganesis Glycolysis: key enzymes, reaction steps; substrate-level phosphorylation; ATP and NADH Cori cycle and Alaine-Glucose cycle 5. Glycogen Metabolism Glyconeogenesis/glycolysis————differences of reaction steps, 3 reverse reactions The major precursors for gluconeogenesis：Lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and 3-phosphoglycerate, catalyzing enzymes; Glycogenolysis/glycogen synthesis棗activated cglucose: UDP-glucose Phosphorylase (R/T), Regulation of glycogen metabolism;(for different enzymes) All enzymes with PLP as coenzyme; 5. The Citric Acid Cycle Important intermediates, 8steps; Key enzymes: NADH/FADH2 pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and reaction; NADH and FADH2transmembrane; Pentose phosphate pathway, all intermediate Function of PPP; products: D-ribulose 5-P and NADPH; the significance of Pentose phosphate pathway Key enzyme: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 7. Fatty Acid Metabolism Degradation (－oxidative pathway: oxidation by FAD, hydration, oxidation by NAD+, thiolysis by CoA Taking place; steps and enzymes; ATP synthesis, C2n/C2n+1 Carnitine; key rate reaction; Coenzyme B12 Ketone bodies: acetoacetate, ?-hydroxyl butyrate, and acetone Synthesis 7 protein complexes, and each function; Sulfhydryl group carriers: ACP/CoA Reductant: NADPH/NADH/F