电路原理—清华—40.pptVIP

电路原理 * 一 阶 电 路 第二讲 （总第四十四讲） 电路中的起始条件的确定 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 一、t = 0+与t = 0? 的概念 t=0时换路 t = 0? t = 0的前一瞬间 t = 0+ t = 0的后一瞬间 t = 0 换路瞬间 电路中初始条件的确定 0? 0+ t = t0? ： t0的前一瞬间；t = t0+： t0的后一瞬间。 初始条件为 t = 0+时u 、i 及其各阶导数的值. L S (t=0) US C + – uC R (t0) t = t0换路： Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 二、换路定则 (开闭定则) 当t = 0+时, C i uC + – qC (0+) = qC (0?) uC (0+) = uC (0?) 当i(t)为有限值时, qC=CuC 电荷守恒 换路瞬间，若电容电流为有限值， 则电容电压（电荷）换路前后保持不变。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 当i为冲激函数时: S + – uC US C i 跳变！ Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 当t = 0+时, ?L (0+) = ?L (0?) iL (0+) = iL (0?) 当u(t)为有限值时, ?L=LiL L iL u + – 磁链守恒 换路瞬间，若电感电压为有限值， 则电感电流（磁链）换路前后保持不变。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 小结： (2) 换路定则是建立在能量不能突变的基础上. (1) 一般情况下电容电流、电感电压均为有限值， 换路定则成立。 ?L (0+)= ?L (0 ? ) iL(0+)= iL(0 ?) qC (0+) = qC (0?) uC (0+) = uC (0?) 换路定则: 特例： 当u为冲激函数时 IS L iL u + – Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 三、电路初始条件的确定 例1. 求 uC (0+) ,iC (0+). t = 0时打开开关S. 由换路定则： uC (0+) = uC (0?)=8V 0+等效电路： ? + 10V i iC uC S 10k? 40k? ? + ? C 解： + 10V i (0+) iC(0+) 8V 10k? ? + ? Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 例2. t = 0时闭合开关S. 求uL(0+). ? iL(0+)= iL(0?)=2A 0+等效电路： 10V S 1? 4? iL L uL + – 解： 10V 1? 4? iL(0+) uL (0+) + – 注意： Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 例3. (1) 求iL(0?) (2) 由换路定则，得 解： uS S R iL L uL + – + – + –